Use and User Perception of Electronic Resources free essay sample

This has been underscored by the phenomenon of knowledge or information common in academic libraries, which refers to a specific environment in the library where a designated number of PC workstations are networked to databases and other e- resources are made available to students. Library users are no longer obliged to visit the library to meet all their information needs.They may search the librarys online catalogue; use a subject guide or database to access a citation from the internet or access a full text article from web-based journals; they may browse an electronic journal; fill out an interlibrary lending form; e-mail reference question via the ask-a-librarian service or borrow an e-book -? all by remote access. 11TH is the energetic name for several Institutes of Information Technology in India, each a mini university in itself. Many of these institutions have been subsequently renamed to identify their affiliations and goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Use and User Perception of Electronic Resources or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The tests were conceived to be forerunners in the information technology education sector, at a time when India was going through a phase of unprecedented boom in the software industry (Years 1 998 2000). The course curriculum at these institutes is at par with similar offerings at the Computer Science departments of Indian Institutes of Technology. As per the 11 the five year plan in the Budget 201 1, Twenty Three (23) more Ill Its under the Public-Private Model, are to be launched soon for every major state of India.Mascot recently submitted a detailed project report to the Gobo. Of India on the establishment of new Lilts. If these are accepted, it could be quite a contrast to the functioning of existing higher learning institutes. The Mascot report has identified a major role for private organizations in terms of finance, faculty and resources. Pat players may play key roles in new institutes Each of the Ill TTS has been proposed to be set up as a fully autonomous institution, through the APP model. The partners setting up Ill TTS will be the Ministry Of Human Resource Development, the governments of respective states where each 11TH will be established and industry members. The report is learnt to have suggested that private organizations should play an equal or slightly greater role in bringing investment for the new Lilts. The locations of Lilts have been arrived at on the basis of how well connected they are in terms of transport and facilities and their prominence to industrial hubs.Considering the dire faculty crunch in the country, Mascot has made it clear that faculty members must be given alerts prevalent in the market. It has been suggested that each Ill T must have the autonomy to decide its own salary structure to compete with private educational institutes. Collaborating private organizations would be requested to send their experienced employees as visiting faculty members. A higher number of visiting faculty and faculty-exchange programmed with universities in Ind ia and abroad have been suggested. Private organizations are expected to collaborate with the Lilts for knowledge manpower, giving projects to students and for curriculum guidance. The associated company loud look into the role of private organizations and enabling optimum rate of returns for them. The development of the PhD programmer, according to one of the suggestions, is vital to the growth of Ill TTS as these doctoral students could be groomed for teaching positions in Ill TTS, creating a strong pool of candidates for top academic positions.It has been recommended that the undergraduate programmer of Lilts could be scaled up to 600 students, the post-graduate programmer could take about 400 students and the PhD programmer could have an intake of 1 00 students. A faculty-student ratio of has been suggested. The report has suggested an integrated campus model and a hub-and-spoke campus model, depending on the TIT. Normally these institute offers degrees, at GIG, PEG and Doctoral levels, in following degrees offere d in Computer Science and Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering etc. .All the Tits have a well-equipped library with a variety of collections including e-resources like online databases, e- journals, e-books, full text articles, and websites, etc through LOGIC-Leone e- journals consortium, INDENT Consortium and N-LIST Consortium or any other insertions. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The faculties, research scholars and students of 11TH are mostly belonging to the subjects, Computer science, IT, Electronics and telecommunication; Electrical etc. Technological disciplines are professional subjects that require regular and constant study by teachers, students and researchers.Teachers usually depend upon the libraries to prepare themselves for taking classes and guide scholars. They are required to go through not only print resources but also electronic resources. The 11TH libraries are well equipped and member Of various consortium. They provide various e-resources such as online journals, e books, online databases, CD ROOM databases and facilities of OPAC and Web OPAC. Usually the users of these libraries are computer savvy and acquaint with various e-resources.The present study will confine with this hypothesis and to study how far these libraries provide various e-resources and services to avis users. Finally the users may not be acquainted with the procedures to locate and retrieve the right and accurate information in less time from the various e-resources. Hence they require some sort of training such as information literacy programmer) OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The study was to be undertaken to analyses the effectiveness of e-resources provided by Ill T libraries in India for its faculty members and research scholars in different faculties.Specific objectives of the study are: 1 . To know the awareness of e-resources among the users of Ill T Library; 2. To study the degree of utilization of e-journals by the users of 11TH Library 3. To determine the level of satisfaction of the users on e-resources; and to examine the effectiveness of e-resources in upgrading the faculty members ND research scholars in their profession. 4. To study the availability of CIT infrastructures in these libraries. 5.To find out the different search strategies of the target audience for obtaining relevant information find out the existing e-resources facilities in these libraries and to study how far these resources are useful and effective for its users. 7. To access and find out how far the users area competent to locate and use e-resources. 8. To study the factors encouraging the e-resources particularly to find out whether the information literacy programmer are being provided by these libraries.SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The present research study is proposed to bring within its confines the faculties and research scholars of all the 17 Lilts located at different places across India. SIZE OF THE SAMPLE For the purpose of present investigation, it has bee proposed to include all the 17 Its existing in India and the faculties and research scholars working there in. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Harridans and Shanghaied on a survey conducted at National Social Science Documentation Centre (NANOSECOND) reveal that majority of the users which include research scholars and scientists were aware of most of the electronic resources.Sexagenarians, Bulgarians, and Subordination that among nine departments in Binary Amman Institute of Technology (BAIT), co mputer science and engineering users use the electronic journals highest (17%) followed by information technology (1 6%), computer applications (1 5%), electrical and electronics engineering (12%), electronics and communication engineering (1 0%), mechanical engineering (9%), biotechnology (8%), Civil engineering (7%) and textile technology (6%). Several and Supernaturalism that with regard to the satisfaction of users on the adequacy of e-resources provided by Benedictory University Library, 70. 59 % of users were satisfied while 29. 41% ware not. Razz and Payday found that that all the researchers were aware of e-journals in Aligarhs Muslim University. Many research scholars were consulting e-journals from their departmental labs and computer centers, not only for research purposes but also to update their own knowledge and skills.However, the study also revealed several problems, including lack obtaining and slow downloading. Mohamed and Shareholding that most (93. 40 per cent) of the doctoral dents had access to e-journals and a sizeable number (48. 83 per cent) of the male doctoral students used e-journals everyday. Most (73. 63 per cent) of doctoral students indicated that accessing full-text of articles was the major problem faced browsing e-journals. Surveillance that majority of respondents (3750%) made use of E-resources 2-3 times a week whereas only 40. 3% respondents made use of online databases. Paraphrases and Cumberland O observed that most of the research scholars searched printed journals and electronic journals. GIGS-Leone consortium was most lawful in fulfilling their Information needs. Hypo T H For the purpose of present study, the following hypotheses have been formulated to put the investigation in right track and the progress of investigation more scientific. 1. Faculty and research scholars who have more computer experience will be more likely to use the librarys electronic resources. 2.Users who visit the library more often are likely to use the librarys electronic resources. 3. Mostly the users devote time in surfing internet. 4. Faculties prefer e-resources in comparison to conventional resources in print form. METHODOLOGY To collect data, a questionnaire will be designed with questions like demographic characteristics, computer skills, frequency of use, satisfaction with e-resources, performance of the library in satisfying the needs of the faculty members and research scholars. Besides questionnaire method, observation and interview methods will also be adopted.The target population of this study was faculty members and research scholars from different faculties. The total population of faculty members and research scholars was 800 and 250 respectively. Proportionate stratified random impaling technique will be adopted for deriving sample population which constitutes 30 percent of total population from each category. Thus, a total of 31 5 questionnaires 240 for faculty members; and 75 for research scholars will be distributed. The questionnaire will be self-administered.SCHEME OF THE WORK It is proposed to organize the whole work in different chapters, inter alias, includes purpose, scope, methodology, origin and development, the conceptual frame work, information needs and seeking behaviors and use of electronic resources: There will be a review of literature which will determine OTOH quantity and quality of work done in the area. Since the study is primarily a user study, it will shed some light on user studies carried out at different levels in India and abroad. Besides it is essential to use tabulation, analysis and interpretation of relevant data along with the useful findings and suggestion.The present study will provide a b reak though to technological information environment. Thus, for the sake of convenience, the entire study would be dealt with in six broad chapters as follows: Chapter 1 : Introduction Chapter 2: Review of literature Chapter 3 : Research design Chapter 4: Usage of e-resources Chapter 5 : Users perceptions and expectations. From libraries Chapter 6: Analysis and interpretation of data Chapter 7 : Summary , suggestions and conclusion However, the aforesaid chapters are tentative and may be changed according to the requirement and progress of the investigation.STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES: The study has proposed to utilize and appropriate statistical technique so as to make the work statistically significant. After collection Of data and their necessary recording and tabulation, an appropriate statistical technique suitable to the needs of data collected will be selected and utilized at the take of analysis and interpretation. IMPLICATION OF RESEARCH The proposed research will act as a fact finding study to find out the existing CIT infrastruct ural facilities and services relating to e-resources provided to TIT users and whether these are as per the expectations and perceptions of these users.Further, this research will implicate, whether the library staff are competent enough to handle the CIT infrastructures and meet the users perceptions and expectations. This will also implicate how far the 11TH library users are using the e-resources provided to them and the constraints if any of TTS convenient use and the training if any provided to them by these libraries which will enhance their usage capability. F-anally the present study will boost the future researchers by providing the area which was not covered by this study for further research.CONCLUSION The development and delivery Of high-quality users service is an important goal for any libraries in higher education. The libraries are changing from storehouse of books to dynamic service center. In an academic library (engineering science and technology), the user needs the library services on a wide range of areas and anytime. The delay in giving the right information in right time may lead to delay in their research activity. Hence the professional librarians should always be a step ahead of their users.As a result, the professional librarian can identify the right documents to be procured, appropriate organization of documents to be undertaken and right information services to be developed . Alt can be concluded that the 11TH libraries need to provide web-based library and information services to the users under intranet and Internet environment. It is also noted that there is great desire among the users to implement the library and information revise through Institute website. There is also a need to plan an integrated training programmer for the users as well as the library staff for an effective utilization of services.A regular feedback from the faculty and students will also go a long way in improving the library services and their changing expectations can be met effectively. Finally It is imminent at this time to make such a study so as to identify the usage nature and characteristics and behavioral approaches of the users (faculty and research scholars), so that the real building of libraries attached to these institutions can be made by ending effective services in providing e-resources accessing and maximum usage as a result of proper utilization of Institute s funds and expenses meant for library purpose.

Bonnie and Clyde in Oklahoma essays

Bonnie and Clyde in Oklahoma essays Two of the Southwest's more noted desperados during the early 1930's were Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker. Bonnie and Clyde (or the "Bloody Barrows", as they were then commonly called) terrorized the country, from Texas to Iowa and back, for two years, slaughtering at least a dozen men, most of whom were peace officers. They regularly visited Oklahoma in the course of their depredations. Raised in the slums of West Dallas, Clyde Chestnut Barrow (or Clyde Champion, as he preferred to be called) and Bonnie Parker Thornton apparently met in early 1930. He was the son of a former sharecropper who now ran a gas station in West Dallas. Both Clyde and his older brother, Buck, then in Huntsville Prison, had been arrested several times for burglary and car theft. Bonnie, as yet, had no record, but did have a husband, Roy Thornton, who was doing 99 years at Huntsville as an habitual criminal. She briefly found solace with Clyde Barrow but their budding romance was interrupted by police, who hauled Barrow off to Waco, where he was wanted for a series of burglaries and car thefts. Clyde pleaded guilty to two burglaries and five car thefts and was sentenced to two years, with 12 years probation. On March 11, 1930, he escaped from the Waco jail, with two other men, William Turner and Emory Abernathy. The suspicion was that Marvin "Buck" Barrow, having escaped three days earlier from Huntsville, arranged Clyde's jailbreak. According to Bonnie's relatives and Clyde's fellow escapee, William Turner, it was Bonnie who smuggled the a gun into Clyde's cell. At any rate, Barrow, Turner, and Abernathy left Bonnie behind and lit out for Middleton, Ohio, where they were arrested on March 18, after robbing a railroad depot of $57.97. The three were soon returned to Texas in chains, accompanied by Sheriff Leslie Stegall of Waco. Clyde's probation was revoked and, on April 21, 1930, as Clyde Champion Barrow, #63527, he was received at the State Penitentiary...

Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Essay

Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Essay Example Health promotion builds the capacities of individual members in the society to take charge over health determinants collectively in order to attain a positive change. The Ottawa Charter indentified three approaches for health promotion. These include advocacy for health to establish the necessary environment for sustainable health in the community. Enabling all persons to attain optimum health potential is the second approach and finally mediating between various stakeholders and interests in the society with the objective of achieving health. The three approaches are reinforced by five prioritized areas of action, included in the Ottawa Charter of health promotion. These areas include building healthy public policy, establish supportive environment for health and strengthening the community action for health. The fourth priority action area is developing personal skills and finally reorientation of health services.Health promotion is a broad and multidimensional approach that involv es other stakeholders, besides the basic healthcare providers and this underscores the importance of building a healthy public policy. Health promotion policy places health issues on the agenda of policy makers in all relevant sectors and in every level. By so doing, it directs and increases their awareness on the effects of their decisions on public health. Building healthy public policy also enables the policy makers to accept their roles and responsibilities in the maintenance of health in the society. To create an appropriate healthy public policy involves application of diverse methods, including the enactment of laws, formulating monetary or fiscal measures, taxation and encouraging organizational change. According to WHO (2008), the approaches are coordinated leading to health, and improvement of

Defination Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Defination - Coursework Example Fairness implies an unwavering and unbiased abidance by the rules set to punish crimes committed. A case where a person slaps another without a reason is a typical situation where the applicability of term ‘justice’ is apparent. Rules may forbid hitting the person back for justice; though, it would be the ultimate equal punishment for that offense. In other words, justice is simply â€Å"an eye for an eye† price for the crime. Similarly, some individuals may distinguish justice as something deserved and morally correct. However, morals often relate to religious values, which have considerably changed currently. Accordingly, the definitions of the words ‘morally right’ and ‘deserved’ in relation to punishment are distinctively different. Thus, the two terms simply distort what justice constitutes. Murder cases also bring out the true meaning of justice. The murderer should suffer a similar fate to the deceased: a ‘tit-for-tat,’ as someone would put it. The action is neither morally right nor deserved since there are no accurate definitions for morally correct or deserved. Nevertheless, it is an equal punishment for the crime and alerts the public of the penalty they would endure as a justice if they engage in crime. Notably, the following qualities form the basis of justice: fairness, restoration, and retribution. Therefore, people should see justice as an equal penalty for committed crimes. Most judicial systems emphasize fair, deserved, and morally correct judgments. Nonetheless, these terms lack a universal definition and could result in inappropriate punishments. What one judge considers as a morally correct verdict may be immoral in the view of another judge. Lastly, adjudicators ought to make equal decisions to cases rather than considering whether a punishment is fair or

Creative Writing “Into the Darkness” Essay Example for Free

Creative Writing â€Å"Into the Darkness† Essay It had just turned night when Victoria heard the thunder roll in, and the lightening strike against the ground. This worried her for she was afraid of losing power. As the night grew on the storm worsened. Making sure she wasnt forgetting her laptop, Victoria made her way upstairs to the comforts of her bedroom. She decided this would be the perfect opportunity to take advantage of her time and watch the latest shows Netflix had to offer. Settling into her bed with her laptop in hand Victoria reached over to plug her charger in. Just as she did so, the power went out. Startled by the sudden darkness, she reached under her bed for her flashlight. Grasping her flashlight tightly, Victoria headed back downstairs to see what may have caused the power to go out. As Victoria went downstairs she noticed her porch door was ajar. Cautiously she approached the door and peered outside to see who or what may have opened the door. Nothing seemed to be around. Certain that the storm had simply blown out the power, Victoria poured herself a glass of hot chocolate and returned upstairs. Something seemed different to Victoria, but she was unsure of what exactly. Much to her dismay her beloved laptop was missing. Appalled by this discovery, Victoria quickly became worried that someone may be in the house with her. Using her survival instincts she quickly grabbed the flashlight and headed out into the hallway, if someone was in the house with her laptop, Victoria was determined to catch them and get her laptop back. Shaky and nervous she slowly peered out into the hallway, no one was to be found. Once at the stairs she swiftly tumbled down them, only missing a few steps at the bottom, but redeeming herself with style. The power had yet to return, and the only thing Victoria had with her was a flashlight. Determined she would catch the culprit and get her laptop back, she sprang across the room and swung the bathroom door open. Still she found no one. Next she opened the closet, then her office, and finally the last room she had left to check was the basement. Victoria clenched onto the flashlight and slowly turned the nob and entered the dark stairwell leading to the basement. Taking each step one at a time, until she got to the final one. When she glanced around the corner Victoria could see someone standing there. She couldn’t make out the face for it was too dark, and her flashlight was dimming by the second. Victoria slowly inched towards the dark figure, getting closer and closer, until finally she was close enough. Just as she reached out to grab onto the dark figure, she dropped the flashlight. All hopes of seeing who they were went away as soon as Victoria’s flashlight hit the floor. The dark figure quickly turned around tightly grasping the laptop. Victoria got struck in the face by her own laptop, and was knocked onto the ground. When she awoke the power had returned, and the storm had stopped. As Victoria got up off the floors she quickly glanced to around to see if anyone was around. There was nobody to be found, and her laptop was gone.

The Scrivener Essay -- Literary Analysis, Moby-Dick

I think the events preceding the writing of â€Å"Bartleby, The Scrivener† are just as important to understanding the story as the events transpiring within the tale itself. Melville, when he wrote the short story, was coming off of two failures, Moby-Dick and Pierre, that he thought would cement his place in the literary cannon; â€Å"Bartleby† is his way of addressing this chaotic time in his life. In the tale, Melville is being brutally honest with himself and his work: addressing the concerns of his critics through the narrator, while using Bartleby to admit his own faults in failing to gain the recognition he thought he deserved. When Moby-Dick was published in late 1851, it was met with mixed reviews. â€Å"A reviewer for the London Britannia declared it ‘a most extraordinary work’; and a reviewer in the New York Tribune proclaimed that it was ‘the best production which has yet come from that seething brain, and †¦ it gives us a higher opinion of the author’s originality and power †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Herman Melville† 2305-2306). Many critics, however, were â€Å"unhappy with the novel’s length, philosophical abstractness, and mixing of genres, and the novel quickly vanished from the literary scene without bringing Melville the critical admiration that he had expected† (2306). A particularly damning review came from the prestigious London literary magazine, Athenaeum: â€Å"The style of his tale is in places disfigured by mad (rather than bad) English; and its catastrophe is hastily, weakly, and obscurely managed† (Parker 18). What’s most interesting about Moby-Dick is that it seems to be exactly the kind of book Melville always wanted to write, knowing full well that no success would come of it. In a letter to Hawthorne he wrote, â€Å"‘What I feel most moved to wr... ...arrator to talk reason into Bartleby occurs in the scene before the new landlord calls the police to have him escorted to jail. â€Å"‘Bartleby,’ said I †¦ ‘will you go home with me now—not to my office, but my dwelling—and remain there till we can conclude upon some convenient arrangement for you at our leisure? Come, let us start now, right away.’† Responds Bartleby, â€Å"‘No: at present I would prefer not to make any change at all’† (Melville 2385). Bartleby isn’t willing to meet the narrator half way. â€Å"Bartleby† isn’t about whether or not the narrator did enough; it’s about whether or not Bartleby did enough. Concerning Melville: it isn’t about whether or not the critics did enough to understand his new way of writing; it was about whether or not Melville did enough to help them try and understand. In â€Å"Bartleby†Ã¢â‚¬â€through Bartleby—Melville is admitting that he did not. The Scrivener Essay -- Literary Analysis, Moby-Dick I think the events preceding the writing of â€Å"Bartleby, The Scrivener† are just as important to understanding the story as the events transpiring within the tale itself. Melville, when he wrote the short story, was coming off of two failures, Moby-Dick and Pierre, that he thought would cement his place in the literary cannon; â€Å"Bartleby† is his way of addressing this chaotic time in his life. In the tale, Melville is being brutally honest with himself and his work: addressing the concerns of his critics through the narrator, while using Bartleby to admit his own faults in failing to gain the recognition he thought he deserved. When Moby-Dick was published in late 1851, it was met with mixed reviews. â€Å"A reviewer for the London Britannia declared it ‘a most extraordinary work’; and a reviewer in the New York Tribune proclaimed that it was ‘the best production which has yet come from that seething brain, and †¦ it gives us a higher opinion of the author’s originality and power †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Herman Melville† 2305-2306). Many critics, however, were â€Å"unhappy with the novel’s length, philosophical abstractness, and mixing of genres, and the novel quickly vanished from the literary scene without bringing Melville the critical admiration that he had expected† (2306). A particularly damning review came from the prestigious London literary magazine, Athenaeum: â€Å"The style of his tale is in places disfigured by mad (rather than bad) English; and its catastrophe is hastily, weakly, and obscurely managed† (Parker 18). What’s most interesting about Moby-Dick is that it seems to be exactly the kind of book Melville always wanted to write, knowing full well that no success would come of it. In a letter to Hawthorne he wrote, â€Å"‘What I feel most moved to wr... ...arrator to talk reason into Bartleby occurs in the scene before the new landlord calls the police to have him escorted to jail. â€Å"‘Bartleby,’ said I †¦ ‘will you go home with me now—not to my office, but my dwelling—and remain there till we can conclude upon some convenient arrangement for you at our leisure? Come, let us start now, right away.’† Responds Bartleby, â€Å"‘No: at present I would prefer not to make any change at all’† (Melville 2385). Bartleby isn’t willing to meet the narrator half way. â€Å"Bartleby† isn’t about whether or not the narrator did enough; it’s about whether or not Bartleby did enough. Concerning Melville: it isn’t about whether or not the critics did enough to understand his new way of writing; it was about whether or not Melville did enough to help them try and understand. In â€Å"Bartleby†Ã¢â‚¬â€through Bartleby—Melville is admitting that he did not.

Anwar Sadats Domestic and Foreign Policies were from 1970 to 1981 Essay

The ‘Hero of the Crossing’, Anwar Sadat undoubtedly bought pride and peace to his fellow Egyptians after the rule of Nasser’s defeat and humiliation to his socialist country. His pragmatic view on the way Egypt should be ruled bought him success and failures in both the foreign and domestic policies, despite his premature death in 1981. Some saw the ‘heroic face’ of Egypt as a traitor to Pan Arabism and all that the surviving Nasserites fought for. But it cannot be denied that he placed Egypt’s foot firmly through the door of peace with the area surrounding them and internationally through his spectacular, radical commitments to making peace with Israel, following the legendary Camp David accords. Firstly, Sadat’s main aim with his foreign policies was to gain permanent peace with Israel, and on the 17th September 1978, he set it in stone at Camp David. On this date, Sadat took a bold, historic step towards peace with Israel – one which turned the back on the period of Pan Arabism that went before him it marked the beginning of the Middle East peace process, one which still holes peace between the two nations today, far beyond his reign. Sadat wanted to gain permanent peace with Israel to cut military costs and therefore boost their economy. Although Camp David had seen a momentous agreement between two very different nations, with a background of war and unrest, relations with other Arab states had detiriated. Sadat knew that bringing Palestinian problems to the table at Camp David would make Israel less likely to promise any sort of peace deal. Therefore, many states in the Middle East didn’t look too kindly upon Sadat due to the feeling of Pan Arabism, thinking he was ‘back-stabbing’ the theory. But, looking back at the concept around that time, it was relatively dead as it was fundamentally unrealistic due to the greed and selfishness still apparent in each nation. Consequently, Sadat’s peace aims were successful and the argument with the Middle East would have expired by the Camp David accords. Sadat was also the first Arab leader to enter into Jerusalem to talk about peace deals with the country. As the first person to enter into the Holy Land, he lost a lot of followers also, but his pragmatic ways taught him that making peace with Israel would cut down military costs tremendously as they would never have a war in the near future. It is clear to see that the extended effort that Sadat put into making strong bonds with Israel at the time did pay off as to this day there has been no unrest between the two countries to the current day, showing that his aim to gain permanent peace with Israel was met and he was extremely successful as later on he received a Nobel Peace Prize as being recognised internationally as making troubles end in the Middle East, troubles which Sadat thought were unnecessary. The second aim of Sadat was to improve the economic state of his country through gaining strong relations with the US and losing links with the USSR. He had to get out of Nasser’s shadow and gain independence for his country. He was very forward- thinking compared to the previous leader. He wanted to boost the economy in Egypt and he was looking towards the West for the helping hand with his domestic problem. Firstly, he expelled his Soviet advisors in 1972, which received high praise from the West. He knew that with the US’s greatest enemy out of the country, and then they would be prepared to help them out financially. His gamble finally paid off for Sadat as they eventually became one of the largest recipitants of foreign aid from the US. Sadat’s’ country could finally have private investment from the biggest nation of the world and therefore be at the foreground in the Middle East that no other country would wish to fight as they had such strong help. These investments also led to greater links with Israel as the US were both their allies now and therefore there would be no need to go to war and spend surplus amounts of their money on the military. Sadat’s domestic policy for the economy also introduced large changes to the country as he tried to step out of Nasser’s shadow once again. Sadat’s mind-set was completely different to that of Nasser, as he strived for private foreign investment and controlling inflation through fixing prices. This meant that Sadat could be sure there would be no higher wage demands and that the economy was more predictable, liberalising Egypt’s economy for the better, or so he thought. In the last years of his reign, there were a series of ‘Bread Riots’ protesting against his economic liberalisation, through the public out roar to Sadat’s lifting of prices led to his government having to take control of the prices – reversing themselves. Sadat’s economic domestic policy was very unpopular with the majority of the public – especially the Nasserites. Although there was a lot of public unrest at the time, the rich Egyptians were in favour as they were benefitting from his rule. They lapped up the foreign investment as the lack of control on basics such as bread did not affect them as much. US investment as well made lives for the rich under Sadat’s rule very good, but there was left beneath them a very widening gap between them and the poor. It cannot be disagreed that Sadat was not a large change in the regular leadership style of the Arab states in the Middle East. The greed, Pan Arabism and selfishness were not apparent in the leader as he strived for peace with Israel and other countries, boosting the economy and making greater links with the western world – all things which were unheard of in the Middle East at the time. Many people did not follow his new way of thinking, the pragmatic style did not agree with them, or was it that perhaps they were not ready for him? And that Nasser had such a large influence on the country that they were indoctrinated in a singular way of thinking, with no room left for different out looks on leadership. Evidence suggests that Sadat was not a failure, he just followed someone with such a great sway on the country that he could not lead without riots and rebellions as they did not want change. The ‘Hero of the Crossing’ was a great leader with the interests of Egypt at heart, and if only his life wasn’t cut tragically short, there could have been plenty more he could have done for the area as a whole. Â